Space, science, and the human mind. Since 1995.
Human Element
A Space Daily column

Human Element

Psychology and behaviour

Human Element covers the psychology of discovery. How astronauts hold up under pressure, why people believe what they believe, and what research on the human mind can and cannot tell us.

Psychology

Princeton seminary students were sent one at a time to another building to record a talk, some of them on the parable of the Good Samaritan, and of the five factors the experimenters tested together, the only one that predicted whether a student helped the man slumped and coughing in the alley was how much of a hurry that student had just been put in

A 1970 experiment, published in 1973, staged the Good Samaritan parable in a Princeton alley and analysed what forty seminarians did. Hurry predicted helping. The sermon topic did not reach significance, which was the authors' own prediction and is still not the same as no effect.

Space Medicine

From January 1994 to March 1995, cosmonaut-physician Valeri Polyakov spent 437 consecutive days aboard Mir, circling Earth 7,075 times and travelling nearly 187 million miles to test whether a human could endure a Mars-length mission—and more than three decades later, no one has broken his record for a single continuous spaceflight.

Valeri Polyakov spent 437 consecutive days aboard Mir, proving that one highly selected human could remain functional for a Mars-length span while leaving major deep-space risks untested.

Human Behaviour

A single buffalo gave a Plains family almost everything it needed, meat and fat for food, the hide for tipis and robes, the sinew for thread, the bones for tools and the bladder and stomach for carrying water, a completeness of use that stood in stark contrast to the hide hunters who later took only the skin and left the rest to rot on the prairie

When commercial hunters arrived on the Plains, they saw only hides—and erased a civilization built on using every part of an animal.

Space Medicine

Six healthy men entered a simulated Mars spacecraft in 2010. Within three months they were moving less, and over 520 days the crew slept and rested progressively more—a slide into what researchers called “behavioural torpor,” possibly driven by confinement, monotony and dim artificial light.

Mars500 wrist monitors captured less active waking and more sleep and rest across confinement, but the authors' torpor analogy did not mean hibernation and the six men adapted differently.

Human Behaviour

Male Neanderthal pelvises resemble those of modern women more closely than modern men—not because women are “less evolved,” but because modern men may be the anatomical outlier. A new study argues that men evolved forward-shifted hip joints that turn the pelvis into a spring-like shock absorber for long-distance walking.

Two rare male Neanderthal-lineage pelvises fall with modern women on selected mechanical measurements, leading researchers to propose that the modern male pelvis is the later, walking-specialised form.

Space Medicine

NASA’s astronaut interviews are only part of the test: finalists also face hours of psychological assessment, time pressure and cognitively punishing team simulations while specialists watch how they communicate, adapt and regulate themselves—the qualities that determine whether a crew remains functional after months of isolation in space.

NASA's best-documented recent selection cycle combined six hours of psychological tests with a long behavioural interview and high-load team simulations, while keeping the exercises themselves confidential.