Space, science, and the human mind. Since 1995.
Human Element
A Space Daily column

Human Element

Psychology and behaviour

Human Element covers the psychology of discovery. How astronauts hold up under pressure, why people believe what they believe, and what research on the human mind can and cannot tell us.

Psychology

We read the placebo trial behind the fake-supplement headlines: of 90 older adults in Milan, those told outright that their pills were sugar reported less stress than those deceived into thinking the pills were real — and the percentages in the university’s announcement are nowhere in the paper

An Italian randomised trial set an open-label placebo against a deceptive one and against a group given no intervention. Two of ten outcomes separated the groups. The physical-performance figures quoted in the university’s announcement are not in the paper, which reports no percentages at all.

Psychology

Psychopathy may be two different things, not one: in 115 ordinary adults, one type’s attention locked hard onto the images that unsettle most people, while the other barely flinched at them

A study at Erasmus University Rotterdam measured what people's brains and eyes actually did in front of disturbing pictures, and found the two darker sides of the psychopathic personality behaving in opposite ways. The fearless trait went with attention that seized on the images, at least in the men tested; the cold trait went with a blunted flinch and muted feeling. The volunteers were healthy young adults, not diagnosed psychopaths, and the effects were modest, so the finding is a lead to follow, not a verdict.

Mind & Meaning

Norway struck oil in 1969 and did the opposite of what most countries do with sudden money. It settled who controlled the resource before the revenue arrived in volume, and the fund it built now owns a piece of nearly every major company on earth, about 3.78 million kroner per resident on paper

When Norway discovered vast oil reserves, it resisted the curse that has impoverished resource-rich nations elsewhere—by building a sovereign wealth fund that became the world's largest, a cautionary tale inverted.

Mind & Meaning

In July 1946, prices in Hungary doubled about every fifteen hours — a man paid in the morning had to spend his wages fast or watch some forty per cent of their value vanish by dinner, so the national bank ended up issuing the highest-denomination banknote ever put into general circulation, with a face value of 100 quintillion pengő

When prices double every fifteen hours, a morning's wages become pocket change by dinner—forcing a desperate nation to print the largest banknote ever circulated.

Mind & Meaning

Saudi Arabia knows the day is coming when the world stops needing oil — and its Public Investment Fund is a bet placed by one generation on behalf of the next, spending the last decades of oil revenue on hotels, football leagues, and entire cities in the empty desert, so the grandchildren of today’s leaders inherit a country worth having

A nation betting its post-oil future on megaprojects and foreign investment is discovering that transforming an economy faster than global markets demand is harder than the spreadsheets suggest.