Space, science, and the human mind. Since 1995.
Human Element
A Space Daily column

Human Element

Psychology and behaviour

Human Element covers the psychology of discovery. How astronauts hold up under pressure, why people believe what they believe, and what research on the human mind can and cannot tell us.

Human Behaviour

Arthur Aron’s 1997 study generated 36 questions that escalate in intimacy, and two strangers who worked through all of them in the lab reported feeling closer than many people do with lifelong friends

In 1997, psychologist Arthur Aron ran an experiment at Stony Brook designed to produce closeness between strangers in under an hour. The 36 questions he built for that lab study went on to become one of the most viral pieces of psychology research ever published — and one pair from the original experiment ended up married.

Human Behaviour

John Bowlby, the British psychiatrist who built attachment theory in the 1950s, argued that a child’s need for closeness is as basic as hunger, and that the calm, undemanding child is often the one who learned asking for less kept the peace

In 1951, British psychiatrist John Bowlby told the World Health Organization that a child's need for closeness was as biological as hunger — and that the calm, undemanding child was often the one who had already learned that asking for less kept the peace.

Human Behaviour

In a 2013 University of Minnesota experiment, people seated at a messy desk generated more inventive uses for a ping-pong ball than those at a tidy one — clutter, it turned out, nudged the mind toward the unconventional

In a 2012 University of Minnesota experiment, Kathleen Vohs sat volunteers in a tidy or messy room and asked them to invent new uses for a ping-pong ball. The messy-room ideas were rated significantly more creative — a small study that has quietly reshaped how psychologists think about desks.

Human Behaviour

Astronauts who have seen the whole Earth at once describe the overview effect — every war and border and argument hanging in silence — and afterwards traffic and small talk can feel strangely far away, like the world seen through glass

Edgar Mitchell coined a private version of it on Apollo 14 in 1971; Frank White gave it a name in 1987; and in April 2026 the Artemis II crew, flying 406,771 kilometres from Earth, described the same shift in almost the same words.

Mind & Meaning

Tetris was invented in 1984 by Soviet researcher Alexey Pajitnov on a computer that could barely display images, then spread across the Eastern Bloc on copied floppy disks — becoming one of the most played video games in history before its creator earned a rouble from it

Tetris began as a way to test a computer that could barely draw. In June 1984, Alexey Pajitnov, a researcher at the Computing Centre of the Soviet Academy of Sciences in Moscow, was writing small programs to see what a new machine could do.