
Physicist Roger Penrose has spent decades arguing that consciousness isn't…
Roger Penrose does not think a computer will ever be conscious, and he does not think a brain running on ordinary neural computation would be conscious either.
Human performance under pressure
Human Element covers the psychology of discovery. How astronauts hold up under pressure, why people believe what they believe, and what research on the human mind can and cannot tell us.

Roger Penrose does not think a computer will ever be conscious, and he does not think a brain running on ordinary neural computation would be conscious either.
Jul 4, 2026

Start with a single number: about 117 billion. That is the Population Reference Bureau's estimate for how many people have ever been born on Earth.
Jul 2, 2026

Half the ingredients in what most of the world now considers its national cuisine were, on 11 October 1492, on the opposite side of the planet from where they would eventually be eaten.
Jul 2, 2026

In 1966, Murray Bowen formalised the family projection process, a clinical account of how anxiety can move through family relationships. Later behavioural and epigenetic studies examine different mechanisms and do not establish Bowen’s model as inherited biology.
Jul 2, 2026

Here is a fact that probably unsettles almost everything a psychology textbook taught you about human motivation: the pyramid at the centre of the story was never drawn by the man whose name it carries.
Jul 2, 2026

The chemical mechanism that binds a human mother to her nursing infant appears to also bind a human to their family dog — and, on the available experimental…
Jul 2, 2026

The most heavily militarized strip of land on Earth is also, on the available scientific evidence, one of the most ecologically important.
Jul 1, 2026

The 724 teenage boys who agreed to be studied for the rest of their lives in 1938 did not know that the single most reliable predictor of their eventual…
Jul 1, 2026

In all six events, the paper found conditions that exceeded HEAT-Lim's non-survivable thresholds for older people in direct sun.
Jun 30, 2026

Nunchi, the Korean practice of reading a room before speaking, overlaps with theory of mind, emotion recognition and self-regulation. The cited studies test those related constructs, not nunchi itself.
Jun 30, 2026

Sister Mary should not, by any reasonable interpretation of late-20th-century Alzheimer's neuropathology, have been able to teach seventh and eighth grades for…
Jun 28, 2026

Nobody knows who invented the letter A. Nobody knows who invented the letter B, or C, or almost any other letter of the writing systems used by the world's major languages.
Jun 28, 2026

The Eiffel Tower's existence, in its original 1880s context, was a deeply contested proposition.
Jun 28, 2026

On 26 September 1991, eight people entered Biosphere 2, a sealed glass and steel structure in Oracle, Arizona, built to test whether a human-made ecosystem could keep people alive for two years.
Jun 26, 2026

A new synthesis from early childhood neuroscience argues that shared laughter does specific, measurable work in the infant brain — though the full picture is more incremental than the headlines suggest.
Jun 25, 2026

The space race that produced Vostok 1 had begun in earnest approximately three and a half years earlier, on 4 October 1957, when the Soviet Union launched the…
Jun 25, 2026