Space, science, and the human mind. Since 1995.
Human Element
A Space Daily column

Human Element

Psychology and behaviour

Human Element covers the psychology of discovery. How astronauts hold up under pressure, why people believe what they believe, and what research on the human mind can and cannot tell us.

Mind & Meaning

Olive oil, soybeans, yogurt, lentils, and kimchi were named the five healthiest foods in the world by Health Magazine in 2006 — a distinction that put a spicy Korean fermented cabbage on the same shelf as the pillars of Mediterranean cuisine

Fermented cabbage and a bottle of olive oil do not obviously share a shelf. In 2006, the American magazine Health put them on one anyway, naming five foods it called among the world's five healthiest: olive oil, soy, lentils, yogurt, and Korean kimchi.

Human Behaviour

The United Arab Emirates was once a small federation of fishermen, pearl divers, and camel herders on the Arabian Peninsula with no formal government and no paved roads — and 60 years later, it hosts the tallest building on earth, one of the world’s largest airlines, and a per-capita GDP higher than Japan

In the late 1950s, when the American oil reporter Wanda Jablonski travelled to Abu Dhabi, the town had no hotel, no paved roads and no electricity, and dinner at the one expatriate household was tinned meat or, as a treat, dugong stew.

Human Behaviour

Norway, a country of 5.5 million people that discovered oil off its coast in 1969, has built the world’s largest sovereign wealth fund — worth more than $2 trillion in 2026 and holding stakes in roughly 1.5 percent of all publicly listed shares on the planet — meaning every Norwegian citizen effectively owns nearly $400,000 of the fund on paper

A country of 5.5 million people owns, through a single state fund, close to one and a half per cent of every listed company on the planet.

Psychology

Being highly sensitive to your environment is not a weakness but an evolutionary strategy that has been documented in humans and more than 100 other species, and peer-reviewed twin research has established that in humans, approximately 47 per cent of the variation in this trait is heritable and distinct from anxiety or introversion

Roughly one in five people, on the current best population estimates, notices the buzzing of a fluorescent light in an office that most other people cannot hear.

Human Behaviour

The Eastern Jin army was outnumbered by more than five to one at the Fei River in 383 AD, yet won in a single afternoon by triggering one moment of panic in the invading force, and the result decided which civilisation would rule China for the next two centuries

The invasion had been building for a decade. Fu Jian, ruler of the Former Qin dynasty and a member of the Di ethnic group from the northwestern grasslands, had spent the 370s systematically conquering every other state in northern China.

Psychology

The Austrian psychiatrist Viktor Frankl, who survived four Nazi concentration camps and lost his wife, parents, and brother to them, argued in his 1946 book Man’s Search for Meaning that human beings can endure almost any suffering as long as they can find a reason for it — and that a life without meaning is what actually breaks people

In September 1942, approximately nine months after his marriage to the young Viennese nurse Tilly Grosser, and approximately four years after Nazi Germany's…

Mind & Meaning

In Japan, the depth of a bow carries specific institutional meaning — a 15-degree bow is a casual greeting between colleagues, a 30-degree bow is a formal greeting to a client or customer, and a 45-degree bow is reserved for serious apology, gratitude, or the greeting of someone whose social standing significantly exceeds your own

The specific Japanese-language word for the physical act of bowing — ojigi (お辞儀), literally "the honourable bending of the body" — refers to a substantially…

Mind & Meaning

The Toto company introduced the Washlet toilet in Japan in 1980 — a heated toilet seat with a built-in warm-water bidet, an air dryer, a deodorizer, and a control panel of buttons — and by 2026 roughly 80 percent of Japanese households have one, making Japan the only country on earth where the toilet is a piece of consumer electronics

In June 1980, the Japanese sanitary-equipment manufacturer TOTO Ltd launched the Washlet — a new consumer electronic device that bolted onto the top of a…