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CYBER WARS
Trump idea on regulating Google 'unfathomable'
By Rob Lever
Washington (AFP) Aug 30, 2018

Senior Republican calls for reopening of Google probe
Washington (AFP) Aug 30, 2018 - A senior Republican senator on Thursday urged US regulators to reopen an antitrust investigation into Google, citing "important developments" since the review was closed in 2013.

Senator Orrin Hatch of Utah called on the Federal Trade Commission "to reconsider the competitive effects of Google's conduct in search and digital advertising."

Lawmakers have no official role in determining how the independent agency manages its investigations, but Hatch's call comes amid growing complaints from some activist organizations and following a series of antitrust investigations targeting Google in the European Union.

Hatch said he was concerned about "purportedly anticompetitive conduct" by Google cited in a recent report on the CBS program "60 Minutes," and other reports that Google "decided to remove from its platforms legal businesses that the company apparently does not agree with."

"There have also likely been other important changes to the market in the five years since the close of the FTC's investigation, including the shift to mobile platforms," Hatch said in his letter to FTC chairman Joseph Simons.

Hatch stated that "Google does have a long track record of providing valuable services and making important, innovative contributions. But much has changed since the FTC last looked at Google's conduct regarding search and digital advertising."

Google has also been a target of President Donald Trump and Republican lawmakers who allege the search giant suppresses conservative voices.

In January 2013, the FTC found no evidence that Google unfairly preferences its own content on its search results page and demotes its competitors' content.

The regulators added they "have not found sufficient evidence that Google manipulates its search algorithms to unfairly disadvantage vertical websites that compete with Google-owned vertical properties."

Then-FTC chairman Jon Leibowitz said at the time, "While not everything Google did was beneficial, on balance we did not believe that the evidence supported an FTC challenge to this aspect of Google's business under American law."

In the most recent case in Europe, the EU in July slapped a record 4.34-billion-euro ($5.04 billion) antitrust fine on Google, saying it illegally used its Android operating system to strengthen the dominance of its search engine.

His attacks on Google drew headlines, but President Donald Trump would face an impossible task if his administration tried to regulate the leading internet search engine and its news results.

Legal and media experts say Google and other internet firms enjoy the same constitutional protections on free speech as news outlets, precluding any government interference with the search results that displease the president.

"Each search engine's editorial judgment is much like many other familiar editorial judgments," said Eugene Volokh, a University of California-Los Angeles law professor and author of a 2012 white paper on the constitutional First Amendment protection of search engines.

Volokh said in a blog post on Reason.com after Trump's remarks that algorithms developed by Google and others are "editorial judgments about what users are likely to find interesting and valuable. And all these exercises of editorial judgment are fully protected by the First Amendment."

Eric Goldman, co-director of the High-Tech Law Institute at Santa Clara University, said there is ample legal precedent for Google's free-speech rights.

"Search engines fully qualify for First Amendment protections for their search results. Numerous cases going back over 15 years have confirmed this," Goldman said.

"Any effort by Trump to 'fix' search engine results will violate the First Amendment. It's not even a close question."

- Trump's threat -

Trump's comments however stoked debate on the question when he assailed Google for what he termed "rigged" results that hide news from conservative outlets and promote content from what he called "left-wing" media.

Google countered the remarks by saying that "search is not used to set a political agenda and we don't bias our results toward any political ideology."

The president's comments follow criticism from Republican lawmakers including House majority leader Kevin McCarthy who claimed that "conservatives are too often finding their voices silenced" on online platforms.

Trump on Tuesday issued an unspecified warning to tech firms, presumably related to his claims that they suppress conservative views.

He repeated his claim on Wednesday, saying big tech firms "treat conservatives and Republicans very unfairly," but stopped short of calling for regulation.

"You know what we want? Not regulation, we want fairness," he told reporters.

Using the hashtag #StopTheBias, Trump later posted on Twitter what was purported to be a series of screen grabs that showed Google's home page promoted State of the Union addresses by former president Barack Obama but stopped when he took office.

Google said the video was factually incorrect, adding that "on January 30, 2018, we highlighted the livestream of President Trump's State of the Union on the google.com homepage," and screenshots circulated online appeared to confirm that.

- Don't regulate every interaction -

There is little evidence to show algorithms by online firms are based on politics, and many conservatives -- including Trump himself -- have large social media followings.

Analysts say it would be dangerous to try to regulate how search engines work to please a government or political faction.

"Google is a private company with its own algorithms and the government has absolutely no control in how it conducts business," said Ken Paulson, former USA Today editor who heads the Newseum's First Amendment Center and is dean of communications at Middle Tennessee State University.

"The broader threat to First Amendment freedoms comes when the most powerful man in the world repeatedly says that you can only trust him, not news organizations or the search engines that deliver their coverage."

But even without constitutional protection, the idea of regulating billions of Google searches would be an impossible task.

"We deliberately don't regulate every interaction in the economy because we know it's unfathomable," said David Balto, a former Federal Trade Commission and Justice Department enforcement lawyer.

Balto maintained that Trump's suggestion "is an Orwellian concept that might fit well in '1984' but is totally inconsistent with our tenets of democracy."

Other analysts say the Trump comments are merely an attempt to rally his base and raise doubts about news organizations investigating him.

"Authoritarian regimes would love to have that power over search engines," said Ed Black, president and CEO of the Computer and Communications Industry Association, a trade group that includes Google and Facebook.

"The US government should be an advocate against this type of censorship."


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CYBER WARS
Trump social media 'censorship' claim is fake but widely believed
Washington (AFP) Aug 26, 2018
There is little evidence to back up Donald Trump's persistent claim that social media firms "silence" or "censor" conservatives, but the notion has nonetheless gathered widespread acceptance among his considerable following. The US president returned to the topic on Friday with a tweet saying: "Social Media Giants are silencing millions of people... People have to figure out what is real, and what is not, without censorship!" The comments marked the second time in a week Trump has attacked tech ... read more

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