Flooding unleashed by the storm burst dams and devastated entire villages in central Europe, killing at least two dozen people in Austria, the Czech Republic, Poland and Romania.
The torrential rains that caused the flooding were "the heaviest ever recorded" in the region, according to the World Weather Attribution (WWA) network of scientists, inundating homes and farmland.
But despite record rainfall, fewer people died during Storm Boris than in previous major European floods in 1997 and 2002, when more than 100 and 200 people lost their lives respectively, the WWA said in a report published Wednesday.
"We have seen investment for adaptation and mitigation in the affected countries after the events of 1997 and 2002," said Federica Remondi, a flood specialist at reinsurance giant Swiss Re.
"Without those adaptation measures the overall impact and losses might have been even worse," she added, calling for continued efforts despite resources being restrained in some countries.
- Prevented 'greater damage' -
In Austria's capital Vienna, where no deaths were reported, officials said efforts to restore damaged ecosystems helped offset the impact of the floods, including at Liesing creek on the outskirts of the city.
Workers have removed and knocked down the narrow concrete banks which line the waterway, where water levels rose during the flood by more than three metres to a 100-year-high.
Without the restoration, heavy rainfall "would have led to greater damage", city official Josef Gottschall told AFP.
He dismissed criticism that the project -- which is projected to run until 2027 with a total cost of about 135 million euros ($151 million) -- was too costly and had a limited impact, saying that sums cannot be weighed up against "loss of life and damage".
According to experts, the construction of retention basins -- artificial ponds that collect storm water -- also played a role in lessening the impact of floods in the region, while early warning systems have become more effective.
- Climate costs 'accelerating' -
In the Czech Republic, where several people remain missing, flood protection has been beefed up, but is still considered inefficient in places like the village of Troubky, which was hit hard in 1997 and narrowly escaped another disaster.
Experts suggest the recent storm might help accelerate work such as the construction of a dam on the Opava river which was scheduled to begin in 2027 but could be brought forward.
The cost of the disasters remains high, with the European Commission pledging 10 billion euros ($11 billion) in funds for affected countries.
In Austria, insurance companies estimate the total damage from the storm to reach 700 million euros, as economists predict several billions of euros. A similar estimate has been made for the Czech Republic.
Polish Prime Minister Donald Tusk said more than five billion euros, including EU funds, have been earmarked for reconstructing affected areas.
- 'Wake-up call' -
Scientists also warn new infrastructure is needed as climate change worsens the impact of extreme weather events.
Around 80,000 hectares (197,600 acres) of farmland have been affected by the floods and more than 18,000 buildings were damaged or destroyed, with thousands of people forced to evacuate.
Based on historical data, a four-day rainfall event is expected to occur on average about once every 100 to 300 years in today's climate with 1.3 degrees Celsius of warming, WWA said.
Global warming has doubled the likelihood of severe four-day downpours since the pre-industrial era and the costs of climate change are "accelerating", according to the WWA.
The floods are "another wake-up call that our climate is changing rapidly," researcher Hayley Fowler from Newcastle University told AFP.
"Our infrastructure is really not designed to deal with these levels of flooding," she said.
"The evacuation of whole cities, dams bursting and roads turning into rivers are now commonplace around the world. The question is not whether we need to adapt for more of these types of storm, but can we?"
Mud, loss and despair after Polish floods
Glucholazy, Poland (AFP) Sept 25, 2024 -
On the verge of tears, tired and dejected, Agata and Sebastian Pioro cleaned their home in Glucholazy, southern Poland, this week of the mess left after the river flooded.
The walls inside were sweating, while outside the building the family's possessions were scattered by the waters unleashed by Storm Boris, which wreaked havoc this month on central Europe.
At least 24 people died in Austria, the Czech Republic, Poland and Romania from the flooding let loose by high winds and unusually heavy rainfall.
"It's indescribable what happened. This unimaginable rush of water that swept away everything in its path... ruthlessly," Agata Pioro told AFP.
The married couple and their daughters, 10 and 14, were at home when disaster struck. Powerless, they watched the water carry away their furniture, the fridge, the washing machine, their lives.
"To lose everything we've accumulated over the years so quickly, and to have our children witness it all, that will forever remain etched in their memory," Agata said, close to tears.
The building's foundations were unearthed by the waves, leading authorities to condemn the house.
The family left to stay with friends, but later returned to salvage what they could of their possessions.
"The water was flowing through the walls," said Sebastian Pioro, as he pointed at a stain about a metre (three feet) off the ground.
- Torrent -
The Biala river, which normally flows around 50 metres from their home, overflowed on September 15.
In just a matter of hours, the waters descended upon the picturesque town of Glucholazy, which was founded in the Middle Ages and has around 14,000 residents.
"It unleashed a real torrent, which suddenly spread across the main square," mayor Pawel Szymkowicz told AFP.
"Never before in the town's history did the water reach the square, even during the 1997 floods," he said.
The waters swept away two bridges, destroyed homes and schools and damaged every road they encountered.
Several wrecked cars stuffed with broken branches were strewn about the riverbank near the Pioros' house.
In terms of the town's infrastructure alone, there is around 250 million zloty ($65 million) in damage done, according to initial estimates, Szymkowicz said.
Poland's government said it had 23 billion zloty -- of national and European funds -- to help the areas affected recover and rebuild.
European Commission president Ursula von der Leyen last week announced 10 billion euros ($11 billion) in funds for member nations reeling from the "heartbreaking" devastation.
- 'Uncertainty' -
Hundreds of volunteers from across Poland have descended on Glucholazy to help residents clean their homes, and to distribute food such as bread and soup, while soldiers clear basements of the mud.
Almost all of this tourist town's businesses remain closed.
"I was lucky: I only got half a metre of water. I hope to reopen tomorrow or the day after," said Artur, owner of a natural medicine shop.
"But some of my neighbours say they won't ever reopen. They're unable to recover after the water ruined their businesses," the man in his 40s told AFP.
Also entrepreneurs, Agata and Sebastian Pioro fear for the future of their two menswear shops, one of which was practically wiped out.
"The worst is the uncertainty. We don't even know if we'll be able to live here because the house is half destroyed," Agata said, adding that she was concerned about future floods.
"Sometimes I think about finding my family another place on earth."
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