Mocha made landfall on Sunday with winds of up to 195 kilometres (120 miles) per hour, downing power pylons and smashing wooden fishing boats to splinters.
At least 46 people died in the Rakhine state villages of Bu Ma and nearby Khaung Doke Kar, inhabited by the persecuted Rohingya Muslim minority, local leaders told AFP reporters at the scene.
Thirteen people were killed when a monastery collapsed in a village in Rathedaung township north of Rakhine's capital Sittwe, and a woman died when a building collapsed in a neighbouring village, according to Myanmar state broadcaster MRTV.
"There will be more deaths, as more than a hundred people are missing," said Karlo, the head of Bu Ma village near Sittwe.
Nearby, Aa Bul Hu Son, 66, said prayers at the grave of his daughter, whose body was recovered on Tuesday morning.
"I wasn't in good health before the cyclone, so we were delayed in moving to another place," he told AFP.
"While we were thinking about moving, the waves came immediately and took us."
"I just found her body in the lake in the village and buried her right away. I can't find any words to express my loss."
Other residents walked the seashore searching for family members swept away by a storm surge that accompanied the cyclone, AFP correspondents said.
Nine people died in Dapaing camp for displaced Rohingya near Sittwe, its leader told AFP, adding the camp was cut off and lacked supplies.
"People cannot come to our camp because bridges are broken... we need help," he said.
One person was killed in Ohn Taw Chay village and six in Ohn Taw Gyi, local leaders and officials told AFP.
State media had reported five deaths on Monday, without offering details.
Mocha was the most powerful cyclone to hit the area in more than a decade, churning up villages, uprooting trees and knocking out communications across much of Rakhine state.
China said it was "willing to provide emergency disaster relief assistance", according to a statement on its embassy in Myanmar's Facebook page.
- 'No one has come to ask' -
The United Nations refugee office said it was investigating reports that Rohingya living in displacement camps had been killed in the storm.
It was "working to start rapid needs assessments in hard-hit areas" of Rakhine state, it added.
Widely viewed as interlopers in Myanmar, the Rohingya are denied citizenship and healthcare, and require permission to travel outside their villages in western Rakhine state.
Many others live in camps after being displaced by decades of ethnic conflict in the state.
In neighbouring Bangladesh, officials told AFP that no one had died in the cyclone, which passed close to sprawling refugee camps that house almost one million Rohingya who fled a Myanmar military crackdown in 2017.
"Although the impact of the cyclone could have been much worse, the refugee camps have been severely affected, leaving thousands desperately needing help," the UN said as it made an urgent appeal for aid late Monday.
Cyclones -- the equivalent of hurricanes in the North Atlantic or typhoons in the Northwest Pacific -- are a regular and deadly menace on the coast of the northern Indian Ocean where tens of millions of people live.
Non-profit ClimateAnalytics said rising temperatures may have contributed to Cyclone Mocha's intensity.
"We can see sea surface temperatures in the Bay of Bengal in the last month have been significantly higher than they were even 20 years ago," said the group's Peter Pfleiderer.
"Warmer oceans allow storms to gather power, quickly, and this has devastating consequences for people."
On Tuesday, contact was slowly being restored with Sittwe, which is home to around 150,000 people, AFP reporters said, with roads being cleared and internet connections re-established.
Photos released by state media showed Rakhine-bound aid being loaded onto a ship in the commercial hub Yangon.
Rohingya villagers told AFP they were yet to receive any assistance.
"No government, no organisation has come to our village," said Kyaw Swar Win, 38, from Basara village.
"We haven't eaten for two days... We haven't got anything and all I can say is that no one has even come to ask."
Climate change makes cyclones more intense, destructive: scientists
Paris (AFP) May 15, 2023 -
Climate change does not make cyclones, such as that battering Bangladesh, more frequent but it does render them more intense and destructive, according to climatologists and weather experts.
These immensely powerful natural phenomena have different labels according to the region they hit, but cyclones, hurricanes and typhoons are all violent tropical storms that can generate 10 times as much energy as the Hiroshima atomic bomb.
They are divided into different categories according to their maximum sustained wind strength and the scale of damage they can potentially inflict.
- Cyclones, hurricanes and typhoons -
"A cyclone is a low-pressure system that forms in the tropics in an area hot enough for it to develop," Emmanuel Cloppet, from French weather office Meteo France, told AFP.
"It is characterised by rain/storm clouds that start rotating and generate intense rains and winds, and a storm surge created by the wind," he added.
These huge weather phenomena -- several hundreds of kilometres (miles) across -- are made more dangerous by their ability to travel huge distances.
Tropical cyclones are categorised according to wind intensity, rising from tropical depression (under 63 kilometres per hour (39 miles per hour)), through tropical storm (63-117 kph) to major hurricane (above that).
They are termed cyclones in the Indian Ocean and South Pacific, hurricanes in the North Atlantic and Northeast Pacific and typhoons in the Northwest Pacific.
Meteorological agencies monitoring them use different scales to categorise them, depending on the oceanic basin in which they occur.
The most well-known scale for measuring their intensity and destructive potential is the five-level Saffir-Simpson wind scale.
- More powerful cyclones -
"The overall number of tropical cyclones per year has not changed globally but climate change has increased the occurrence of the most intense and destructive storms," according to the World Weather Attribution (WWA), a group of climate scientists and climate impact specialists whose goal is to demonstrate reliable links between global heating and certain weather phenomena.
The most violent cyclones -- categories three to five on the Saffir-Simpson scale -- that cause the most destruction have become more frequent, the WWA said.
Climate change caused by human activity influences tropical cyclones in three major ways -- by warming the air and oceans and by triggering a rise in sea levels.
"Tropical cyclones are the most extreme rainfall events on the planet," the WWA said in its publication "Reporting Extreme Weather and Climate Change".
Since the atmosphere is warmer, it can hold more water, so when it rains it pours.
"A rise in air temperature of three degrees Celsius (5.4 degrees Fahrenheit) can potentially produce a 20-percent increase in the quantity of rain generated by a cyclonic event," said Cloppet.
It is these intense torrential downpours that lead to sometimes fatal floods and mudslides, as was the case of Cyclone Freddy, which killed hundreds of people in Malawi and Mozambique earlier this year.
Climate change is also warming the oceans. This warm water fuels cyclones and gives them their strength.
"Climate change therefore creates the conditions in which more powerful storms can form, intensify rapidly and persist to reach land, while carrying more water," the WWA said.
- Shifting north -
The fierce winds produced by cyclones generate storm surges which can cause coastal flooding.
These storm waves are higher now than in previous decades because of the sea level rise triggered by climate change.
Scientists also expect to see cyclones in places they have not happened before because global heating is expanding the regions where tropical sea water conditions occur.
"It's as if the tropics were spreading," Cloppet said.
"Areas that aren't really affected now could be hit much harder in future."
The WWA agreed: "As ocean waters warm, it is reasonable to speculate that (tropical) storms will shift further away from the Equator."
"A northward shift in cyclones in the western North Pacific, striking East and Southeast Asia, (is) a direct consequence of climate change," it said.
As a result, they could strike in relatively unprepared locations that have not, in the past, had reason to expect them.
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