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NUKEWARS
Five world powers urge nuclear-free zone in Middle East
by Staff Writers
United Nations (AFP) May 5, 2010


Obama to hold off on CTBT ratification for now: official
United Nations (AFP) May 5, 2010 - US President Barack Obama will hold off sending the Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty (CTBT) to the US Senate for ratification until after it takes up the recently signed START arms control treaty, a top US official said Wednesday. "The Obama administration's priority is to get the START treaty ratified," Under Secretary of State Ellen Tauscher told a press conference on the sidelines of a UN conference. "That will take us through the legislative year," Tauscher said, adding that Obama will send the CTBT to the Senate "when the political conditions are right."

Both treaties need to be ratified by the Senate by a two-thirds majority and the Obama administration could struggle to get the necessary votes. The new Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty was signed on April 8 and provides for major cutbacks in both the US and Russian nuclear arsenals. The CTBT, which bans nuclear blasts for military or civilian purposes, was signed in 1996 by 71 states, including the five main nuclear weapon states: Britain, China, France, Russia and the United States. A total of 182 countries have signed the CTBT, including 151 that have also ratified it.

North Korea, India and Pakistan have not signed the CTBT and all three have carried out nuclear tests since 1996. Another six countries -- the United States, Indonesia, Iran, Israel, China and Egypt -- have signed but not yet ratified the pact. The CTBT cannot come into force until it is ratified by the required 44 states that had nuclear research or power facilities when it was adopted in 1996. Only 35 have done so. Indonesian Foreign Minister Marty Natalegawa announced Tuesday at the UN conference on the Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) that his country would soon ratify the CTBT. "We hope that our decision... will be a positive incentive for other states to follow suit," he told reporters.

The UN's five permanent Security Council members said Wednesday they were committed to working towards a nuclear weapon-free zone in the Middle East.

"We are committed to a full implementation of the 1995 NPT resolution on the Middle East and we support all ongoing efforts to this end," said the statement to the current Non-Proliferation Treaty review at UN headquarters here.

The zone is mentioned in a resolution from the 1995 review conference of the NPT, and the so-called P5 of Britain, China, France, Russia and the United States stated their endorsement of it.

They called "for the consideration of the establishment of new zones where appropriate and in conformity with the wishes of regional states."

"We are ready to consider all relevant proposals in the course of the review conference in order to come to an agreed decision aimed at taking concrete steps in this direction," the statement said.

But the permanent Council members' statement did not give a mandate for setting up the zone.

The 1995 NPT resolution only calls for "practical steps" towards a zone, leaving open how and when it would actually come into existence.

Egypt is leading non-aligned nations in a push to convene next year a conference to discuss turning the Middle East into a zone free of nuclear weapons.

The need has "doubled" for such a zone as Britain, Russia and the United States have done nothing to carry out their 1995 pledge to set it up, Egyptian Foreign Minister Ahmed Abul-Gheit said in a speech read here in his absence by Egypt's UN Ambassador Maged Abdel Aziz.

The non-aligned states also want Israel, which is believed to have some 200 atomic bombs but does not confirm this, officially declare its arsenal and then join the NPT in order to disarm.

Israel says it will only do this after there is a peace agreement in the Middle East. This position is supported by the United States.

The permanent Council members called for all states to join the NPT, and to disarm if they have nuclear weapons.

"We attach great importance to achieving the universality of the NPT," the statement said.

"We urge those states that are not parties to the treaty to accede as non-nuclear-weapon states and pending the accession to the NPT, to adhere to its terms."

The five major Council nations, which are considering new sanctions against Iran, called on the Islamic Republic to comply with current sanctions ordering it to stop enriching uranium, which can be used to make bombs.

The five said they supported stronger verification work by the UN watchdog International Atomic Energy Agency and said the Additional Protocol which allows for tougher inspections "should become the universally recognized verification norm."

The five re-stated their support for the other pillars of the NPT besides verification, namely the right of states to peaceful nuclear energy and the need for nuclear states to move towards disarmament.

There are different types of nuclear weapon-free zones in the world, including for Antarctica, in Latin America and the Caribbean and in southeast Asia.

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Related Links
Learn about nuclear weapons doctrine and defense at SpaceWar.com
Learn about missile defense at SpaceWar.com
All about missiles at SpaceWar.com
Learn about the Superpowers of the 21st Century at SpaceWar.com






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NUKEWARS
Egypt cites urgent need for nuclear-free Mideast
United Nations (AFP) May 5, 2010
The need has "doubled" to create a nuclear weapons-free zone in the Middle East as Britain, Russia and the United States have done nothing to carry out a 1995 pledge to set it up, Egypt told a UN conference here Wednesday. In a speech read in his absence to a conference reviewing the nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty, Egyptian Foreign Minister Ahmed Abul-Gheit said: "the need is doubled today ... read more


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